CDM.RdA function to estimate parameters for cognitive diagnosis models by MMLE/EM (de la Torre, 2009; de la Torre, 2011)
or MMLE/BM (Ma & Jiang, 2020) algorithm.The function imports various functions from the GDINA package,
parameter estimation for Cognitive Diagnostic Models was performed and extended. The CDM function not
only accomplishes parameter estimation for most commonly used models ( GDINA, DINA, DINO,
ACDM, LLM, or rRUM) but also facilitates parameter estimation for the LCDM
model (Henson, Templin, & Willse, 2008; Tu et al., 2022). Furthermore, it incorporates Bayes modal estimation
(BM; Ma & Jiang, 2020) to obtain more reliable estimation results, especially in small sample sizes.
The monotonic constraints are able to be satisfied.
CDM(
Y,
Q,
model = "GDINA",
method = "EM",
mono.constraint = TRUE,
maxitr = 2000,
verbose = 1
)A required N × I matrix or data.frame consisting of the responses of N individuals
to × I items. Missing values need to be coded as NA.
A required binary I × K containing the attributes not required or required, 0 or 1, to
master the items. The ith row of the matrix is a binary indicator vector indicating which
attributes are not required (coded by 0) and which attributes are required (coded by 1) to master
item i.
Type of model to be fitted; can be "GDINA", "LCDM", "DINA", "DINO", "ACDM",
"LLM", or "rRUM". Default = "GDINA".
Type of mtehod to estimate CDMs' parameters; one out of "EM", "BM". Default = "EM"
However, "BM" is only avaible when method = "GDINA".
Logical indicating whether monotonicity constraints should be fulfilled in estimation.
Default = TRUE.
A vector for each item or nonzero category, or a scalar which will be used for all items
to specify the maximum number of EM or BM cycles allowed. Default = 2000.
Can be 0, 1 or 2, indicating to print no information, information
for current iteration, or information for all iterations. Default = 1.
An object of class CDM.obj is a list containing the following components:
An GDINA object gained from GDINA package or an list after BM algorithm,
depending on which estimation is used.
Individuals' attribute parameters caculated by EAP method (Huebner & Wang, 2011)
Individual posterior
Individuals' marginal mastery probabilities matrix (Tu et al., 2022)
Attribute prior weights for calculating marginalized likelihood in the last iteration
Some basic model-fit indeces, including \(Deviance\), \(npar\), \(AIC\), \(BIC\)
CDMs are statistical models that fully integrates cognitive structure variables, which define the response probability of subjects on questions by assuming the mechanism of action between attributes. In the dichotomous test, this probability is the probability of answering correctly. According to the specificity or generality of CDM assumptions, it can be divided into reduced CDM and saturated CDM.
Reduced CDMs possess special and strong assumptions about the mechanisms of attribute interactions, leading to clear interactions between attributes. Representative reduced models include the Deterministic Input, Noisy and Gate (DINA) model (Haertel, 1989; Junker & Sijtsma, 2001; de la Torre & Douglas, 2004), the Deterministic Input, Noisy or Gate (DINO) model (Templin & Henson, 2006), and the Additive Cognitive Diagnosis Model (A-CDM; de la Torre, 2011), the reduced Reparametrized Unified Model (r-RUM; Hartz, 2002), among others. Compared to reduced models, saturated models do not have strict assumptions about the mechanisms of attribute interactions. When appropriate constraints are applied, they can be transformed into various reduced models (Henson et al., 2008; de la Torre, 2011), such as the Log-Linear Cognitive Diagnosis Model (LCDM; Henson et al., 2009) and the general Deterministic Input, Noisy and Gate model (G-DINA; de la Torre, 2011).
The LCDM (Log-Linear Cognitive Diagnosis Model) is a saturated CDM fully proposed within the framework of cognitive diagnosis. Unlike simplified models that only discuss the main effects of attributes, it also considers the interactions between attributes, thus having more generalized assumptions about attributes. Its definition of the probability of correct response is as follows: $$ P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l}) = \frac{\exp(\lambda_{i0} + \mathbf{\lambda}_{i}^{T} \mathbf{h} (\mathbf{q_{i}}, \mathbf{\alpha_{l}}))} {1 + \exp(\lambda_{i0} + \mathbf{\lambda}_{i}^{T} \mathbf{h}(\mathbf{q_{i}}, \mathbf{\alpha_{l}}))} $$ $$ \mathbf{\lambda}_{i}^{T} \mathbf{h}(\mathbf{q_{i}}, \mathbf{\alpha_{l}}) = \lambda_{i0} + \sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\lambda_{ik}\alpha_{lk} q_{ik} +\sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast-1}\sum_{k'=k+1}^{K^\ast} \lambda_{ik}\lambda_{ik'}\alpha_{lk}\alpha_{lk'} q_{ik} q_{ik'} + \cdots + \lambda_{12 \cdots K^\ast}\prod_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\alpha_{lk}q_{ik} $$ Where, \(P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l})\) represents the probability of a subject with attribute mastery pattern \(\mathbf{\alpha}_{l}\), where \(l=1,2,\cdots,L\) and \(L=2^{K^\ast}\), correctly answering item i. Here, \(K^\ast\) denotes the number of attributes in the collapsed q-vector, \(\lambda_{i0}\) is the intercept parameter, and \(\mathbf{\lambda}_{i}=(\lambda_{i1}, \lambda_{i2}, \cdots, \lambda_{i12}, \cdots, \lambda_{i12{\cdots}K^\ast})\) represents the effect vector of the attributes. Specifically, \(\lambda_{ik}\) is the main effect of attribute \(k\), \(\lambda_{ikk'}\) is the interaction effect between attributes \(k\) and \(k'\), and \(\lambda_{j12{\cdots}K}\) represents the interaction effect of all attributes.
The general Deterministic Input, Noisy and Gate model (G-DINA), proposed by de la Torre (2011), is a saturated model that offers three types of link functions: identity link, log link, and logit link, which are defined as follows: $$P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l}) = \delta_{i0} + \sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\delta_{ik}\alpha_{lk} +\sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast-1}\sum_{k'=k+1}^{K^\ast}\delta_{ik}\delta_{ik'}\alpha_{lk}\alpha_{lk'} + \cdots + \delta_{12{\cdots}K^\ast}\prod_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\alpha_{lk} $$ $$log(P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l})) = v_{i0} + \sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast}v_{ik}\alpha_{lk} +\sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast-1}\sum_{k'=k+1}^{K^\ast}v_{ik}v_{ik'}\alpha_{lk}\alpha_{lk'} + \cdots + v_{12{\cdots}K^\ast}\prod_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\alpha_{lk} $$ $$logit(P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l})) = \lambda_{i0} + \sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\lambda_{ik}\alpha_{lk} +\sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast-1}\sum_{k'=k+1}^{K^\ast}\lambda_{ik}\lambda_{ik'}\alpha_{lk}\alpha_{lk'} + \cdots + \lambda_{12{\cdots}K^\ast}\prod_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\alpha_{lk} $$ Where \(\delta_{i0}\), \(v_{i0}\), and \(\lambda_{i0}\) are the intercept parameters for the three link functions, respectively; \(\delta_{ik}\), \(v_{ik}\), and \(\lambda_{ik}\) are the main effect parameters of \(\alpha_{lk}\) for the three link functions, respectively; \(\delta_{ikk'}\), \(v_{ikk'}\), and \(\lambda_{ikk'}\) are the interaction effect parameters between \(\alpha_{lk}\) and \(\alpha_{lk'}\) for the three link functions, respectively; and \(\delta_{i12{\cdots }K^\ast}\), \(v_{i12{\cdots}K^\ast}\), and \(\lambda_{i12{\cdots}K^\ast}\) are the interaction effect parameters of \(\alpha_{l1}{\cdots}\alpha_{lK^\ast}\) for the three link functions, respectively. It can be observed that when the logit link is adopted, the G-DINA model is equivalent to the LCDM model.
Specifically, the A-CDM can be formulated as: $$P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l}) = \delta_{i0} + \sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\delta_{ik}\alpha_{lk} $$
The RRUM, can be written as: $$log(P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l})) = \lambda_{i0} + \sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\lambda_{ik}\alpha_{lk} $$
The item response function for LLM can be given by: $$logit(P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l})) = \lambda_{i0} + \sum_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\lambda_{ik}\alpha_{lk} $$
In the DINA model, every item is characterized by two key parameters: guessing (g) and slip (s). Within the traditional framework of DINA model parameterization, a latent variable \(\eta\), specific to individual \(p\) who has the attribute mastery pattern \(\alpha_{l}\) and item \(i\), is defined as follows: $$ \eta_{li}=\prod_{k=1}^{K}\alpha_{lk}^{q_{ik}} $$
If individual \(p\) who has the attribute mastery pattern \(\alpha_{l}\) has acquired every attribute required by item i, \(\eta_{pi}\) is given a value of 1. If not, \(\eta_{pi}\) is set to 0. The DINA model's item response function can be concisely formulated as such: $$P(X_{pi}=1|\mathbf{\alpha}_{l}) = (1-s_j)^{\eta_{li}}g_j^{(1-\eta_{li})} = \delta_{i0}+\delta_{i12{\cdots}K}\prod_{k=1}^{K^\ast}\alpha_{lk} $$
In contrast to the DINA model, the DINO model suggests that an individual can correctly respond to an item if they have mastered at least one of the item's measured attributes. Additionally, like the DINA model, the DINO model also accounts for parameters related to guessing and slipping. Therefore, the main difference between DINO and DINA lies in their respective \(\eta_{pi}\) formulations. The DINO model can be given by: $$\eta_{li} = 1-\prod_{k=1}^{K}(1 - \alpha_{lk})^{q_{lk}}$$
de la Torre, J. (2009). DINA Model and Parameter Estimation: A Didactic. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 34(1), 115-130. DOI: 10.3102/1076998607309474.
de la Torre, J., & Douglas, J. A. (2004). Higher-order latent trait models for cognitive diagnosis. Psychometrika, 69(3), 333-353. DOI: 10.1007/BF02295640.
de la Torre, J. (2011). The Generalized DINA Model Framework. Psychometrika, 76(2), 179-199. DOI: 10.1007/s11336-011-9207-7.
Haertel, E. H. (1989). Using restricted latent class models to map the skill structure of achievement items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 26(4), 301-323. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1989.tb00336.x.
Hartz, S. M. (2002). A Bayesian framework for the unified model for assessing cognitive abilities: Blending theory with practicality (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Henson, R. A., Templin, J. L., & Willse, J. T. (2008). Defining a Family of Cognitive Diagnosis Models Using Log-Linear Models with Latent Variables. Psychometrika, 74(2), 191-210. DOI: 10.1007/s11336-008-9089-5.
Huebner, A., & Wang, C. (2011). A note on comparing examinee classification methods for cognitive diagnosis models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 71, 407-419. DOI: 10.1177/0013164410388832.
Junker, B. W., & Sijtsma, K. (2001). Cognitive assessment models with few assumptions, and connections with nonparametric item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(3), 258-272. DOI: 10.1177/01466210122032064.
Ma, W., & Jiang, Z. (2020). Estimating Cognitive Diagnosis Models in Small Samples: Bayes Modal Estimation and Monotonic Constraints. Applied Psychological Measurement, 45(2), 95-111. DOI: 10.1177/0146621620977681.
Templin, J. L., & Henson, R. A. (2006). Measurement of psychological disorders using cognitive diagnosis models. Psychological methods, 11(3), 287-305. DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.11.3.287.
Tu, D., Chiu, J., Ma, W., Wang, D., Cai, Y., & Ouyang, X. (2022). A multiple logistic regression-based (MLR-B) Q-matrix validation method for cognitive diagnosis models: A confirmatory approach. Behavior Research Methods. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01880-x.
################################################################
# Example 1 #
# fit using MMLE/EM to fit the GDINA models #
################################################################
set.seed(123)
library(Qval)
## generate Q-matrix and data to fit
K <- 5
I <- 30
example.Q <- sim.Q(K, I)
IQ <- list(
P0 = runif(I, 0.0, 0.2),
P1 = runif(I, 0.8, 1.0)
)
example.data <- sim.data(Q = example.Q, N = 500, IQ = IQ,
model = "GDINA", distribute = "horder")
#> distribute = horder
#> model = GDINA
#> number of attributes: 5
#> number of items: 30
#> num of examinees: 500
#> average of P0 = 0.102
#> average of P1 = 0.905
#> theta_mean = -0.064 , theta_sd = 0.994
#> a = 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
#> b = 0 -0.75 -1.5 1.5 0.75
# \donttest{
## using MMLE/EM to fit GDINA model
example.CDM.obj <- CDM(example.data$dat, example.Q, model = "GDINA",
method = "EM", maxitr = 2000, verbose = 1)
#>
Iter = 1 Max. abs. change = 0.47924 Deviance = 15962.63
Iter = 2 Max. abs. change = 0.13841 Deviance = 13444.48
Iter = 3 Max. abs. change = 0.06496 Deviance = 13315.26
Iter = 4 Max. abs. change = 0.02731 Deviance = 13293.77
Iter = 5 Max. abs. change = 0.01821 Deviance = 13288.07
Iter = 6 Max. abs. change = 0.01627 Deviance = 13285.58
Iter = 7 Max. abs. change = 0.01475 Deviance = 13284.20
Iter = 8 Max. abs. change = 0.01298 Deviance = 13283.38
Iter = 9 Max. abs. change = 0.01079 Deviance = 13282.82
Iter = 10 Max. abs. change = 0.03100 Deviance = 13282.37
Iter = 11 Max. abs. change = 0.04397 Deviance = 13281.85
Iter = 12 Max. abs. change = 0.03431 Deviance = 13281.25
Iter = 13 Max. abs. change = 0.01503 Deviance = 13280.80
Iter = 14 Max. abs. change = 0.00278 Deviance = 13280.59
Iter = 15 Max. abs. change = 0.00394 Deviance = 13280.49
Iter = 16 Max. abs. change = 0.00053 Deviance = 13280.45
Iter = 17 Max. abs. change = 0.00291 Deviance = 13280.42
Iter = 18 Max. abs. change = 0.00036 Deviance = 13280.40
Iter = 19 Max. abs. change = 0.00055 Deviance = 13280.38
Iter = 20 Max. abs. change = 0.00019 Deviance = 13280.36
Iter = 21 Max. abs. change = 0.00013 Deviance = 13280.35
Iter = 22 Max. abs. change = 0.00023 Deviance = 13280.34
Iter = 23 Max. abs. change = 0.00012 Deviance = 13280.33
Iter = 24 Max. abs. change = 0.00332 Deviance = 13280.33
Iter = 25 Max. abs. change = 0.00005 Deviance = 13280.32
# }
################################################################
# Example 2 #
# fit using MMLE/BM to fit the DINA #
################################################################
set.seed(123)
library(Qval)
## generate Q-matrix and data to fit
K <- 5
I <- 30
example.Q <- sim.Q(K, I)
IQ <- list(
P0 = runif(I, 0.0, 0.2),
P1 = runif(I, 0.8, 1.0)
)
example.data <- sim.data(Q = example.Q, N = 500, IQ = IQ,
model = "DINA", distribute = "horder")
#> distribute = horder
#> model = DINA
#> number of attributes: 5
#> number of items: 30
#> num of examinees: 500
#> average of P0 = 0.102
#> average of P1 = 0.905
#> theta_mean = -0.064 , theta_sd = 0.994
#> a = 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
#> b = 0 -0.75 -1.5 1.5 0.75
# \donttest{
## using MMLE/EM to fit GDINA model
example.CDM.obj <- CDM(example.data$dat, example.Q, model = "GDINA",
method = "BM", maxitr = 1000, verbose = 2)
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 1 Max. abs. change = 0.56401 Deviance = 16086.644
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 2 Max. abs. change = 0.25228 Deviance = 12367.178
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 3 Max. abs. change = 0.19662 Deviance = 12124.686
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 4 Max. abs. change = 0.25630 Deviance = 12009.346
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 5 Max. abs. change = 0.16130 Deviance = 11931.169
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 6 Max. abs. change = 0.03979 Deviance = 11889.714
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 7 Max. abs. change = 0.01995 Deviance = 11874.967
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 8 Max. abs. change = 0.01132 Deviance = 11870.194
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 9 Max. abs. change = 0.00665 Deviance = 11868.313
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 10 Max. abs. change = 0.00402 Deviance = 11867.463
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 11 Max. abs. change = 0.00249 Deviance = 11867.036
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 12 Max. abs. change = 0.00156 Deviance = 11866.809
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 13 Max. abs. change = 0.00098 Deviance = 11866.686
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 14 Max. abs. change = 0.00062 Deviance = 11866.620
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 15 Max. abs. change = 0.00039 Deviance = 11866.583
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 16 Max. abs. change = 0.00025 Deviance = 11866.564
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 17 Max. abs. change = 0.00016 Deviance = 11866.553
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 18 Max. abs. change = 0.00010 Deviance = 11866.547
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hin >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Warning: The old behavior for hinjac >= 0 has been deprecated. Please restate the inequality to be <=0. The ability to use the old behavior will be removed in a future release.
#> Iter = 19 Max. abs. change = 0.00006 Deviance = 11866.543
#>
# }
################################################################
# Example 3 #
# fit using MMLE/EM to fit the ACDM #
################################################################
set.seed(123)
library(Qval)
## generate Q-matrix and data to fit
K <- 5
I <- 30
example.Q <- sim.Q(K, I)
IQ <- list(
P0 = runif(I, 0.0, 0.2),
P1 = runif(I, 0.8, 1.0)
)
example.data <- sim.data(Q = example.Q, N = 500, IQ = IQ,
model = "ACDM", distribute = "horder")
#> distribute = horder
#> model = ACDM
#> number of attributes: 5
#> number of items: 30
#> num of examinees: 500
#> average of P0 = 0.102
#> average of P1 = 0.905
#> theta_mean = -0.064 , theta_sd = 0.994
#> a = 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
#> b = 0 -0.75 -1.5 1.5 0.75
# \donttest{
## using MMLE/EM to fit GDINA model
example.CDM.obj <- CDM(example.data$dat, example.Q, model = "ACDM",
method = "EM", maxitr = 2000, verbose = 1)
#>
Iter = 1 Max. abs. change = 0.45603 Deviance = 16316.08
Iter = 2 Max. abs. change = 0.08932 Deviance = 14120.81
Iter = 3 Max. abs. change = 0.02691 Deviance = 14025.43
Iter = 4 Max. abs. change = 0.01052 Deviance = 14008.87
Iter = 5 Max. abs. change = 0.00945 Deviance = 14003.03
Iter = 6 Max. abs. change = 0.00807 Deviance = 14000.16
Iter = 7 Max. abs. change = 0.00676 Deviance = 13998.44
Iter = 8 Max. abs. change = 0.00561 Deviance = 13997.32
Iter = 9 Max. abs. change = 0.00461 Deviance = 13996.55
Iter = 10 Max. abs. change = 0.00379 Deviance = 13995.99
Iter = 11 Max. abs. change = 0.00310 Deviance = 13995.58
Iter = 12 Max. abs. change = 0.00253 Deviance = 13995.29
Iter = 13 Max. abs. change = 0.00207 Deviance = 13995.06
Iter = 14 Max. abs. change = 0.00169 Deviance = 13994.90
Iter = 15 Max. abs. change = 0.00138 Deviance = 13994.77
Iter = 16 Max. abs. change = 0.00114 Deviance = 13994.67
Iter = 17 Max. abs. change = 0.00092 Deviance = 13994.59
Iter = 18 Max. abs. change = 0.00076 Deviance = 13994.53
Iter = 19 Max. abs. change = 0.00062 Deviance = 13994.48
Iter = 20 Max. abs. change = 0.00052 Deviance = 13994.44
Iter = 21 Max. abs. change = 0.00043 Deviance = 13994.40
Iter = 22 Max. abs. change = 0.00621 Deviance = 13994.38
Iter = 23 Max. abs. change = 0.00029 Deviance = 13994.28
Iter = 24 Max. abs. change = 0.00025 Deviance = 13994.26
Iter = 25 Max. abs. change = 0.00775 Deviance = 13994.25
Iter = 26 Max. abs. change = 0.00017 Deviance = 13994.16
Iter = 27 Max. abs. change = 0.00243 Deviance = 13994.15
Iter = 28 Max. abs. change = 0.00016 Deviance = 13994.11
Iter = 29 Max. abs. change = 0.00010 Deviance = 13994.10
Iter = 30 Max. abs. change = 0.00009 Deviance = 13994.10
# }